Wednesday, 28 November 2012

Sixth Week Assignment (Assignment 1)



This week assignment was apparently an exercise to use an associated mind map to generate new concept as well as new idea. The exercise was based on Mr. Radzi Bedu's associated mind map on Mortar & Pestle. It was interesting as we have to imagine ourselves as people from 200012 in the future who are doing research to find out what did Mortar & Pestle do back in the centuries.



Associated mind map.
Copied from Mr. Radzi Bedu's associated mind map.

We were asked to choose three key words to generate three concepts and from each concept generate an idea.


I have choosen the key words religion, school and hair for my concepts. Enjoy my idea!



Sixth Day Of Creative Studies



Today we will talk about associated mind mapping. But before that, lets do some recall on last week topic.

Our brain does not work in linearity but in random manner as we store information randomly. For example apple, we may store "a" randomly in brain as well as "p" and other alphabets thus by connecting them will form "apple". This is why we should use mind map as much as possible as it works similar to our brain. A logical mind map is used when we are gathering information, knowing better of the subject and note taking as everything in logical mind map is generally related to the subject but not brain storming for idea generating. Before we start our mind map we should do some research so that there is information stored in our brain and when we do a mind map, the key words will recall the information. (So that our mind has things to find)

Mr. Radzi Bedu has demystified that our brain is designed to think! Quite surprise to hear that right? But he said, our brain is to organize information. We hardly think at all the time but follow our daily routine. Just an example, when we wake up, we wake up and we don't think "should I wake up now or shouldn't I" then when we brush our teeth, we just brush them we don't question. His point is, if human think at all the time we will keep questioning things and the truth is we don't! If so, it will make us inhuman!

Alright, as a designer we must be creative in our idea. To achieve that we should avoid generating idea using stereotype (we should find idea which is not in our brain, in other words new idea). Logical mind mapping is not efficient for us as it is all about stereotype, thus we need associated mind mapping. An associated mind map is a mind map that try to get away from the subject until there is no relationship with it.

To make it clear lets see the differences between a logical mind map and associated mind map of tree.

Logical mind map



Associated mind map


As you can see the idea generated by using a logical mind map is related to the subject but not with associated mind map. Notice that in the associated mind map superman has nothing to do with the tree. Thus by thinking how we can use superman to describe tree we will create creative idea.

To draw an associated mind map, put the subject in the middle, then written down the first things you thought of the subject. Keep on doing that as you develop the mind map branches. For example, when I think of tree i think of roots, then when I think of the roots I think of strong roots, when I think of strong I think of superman. By doing this in a mind map, it will help us to control our idea as we are choosing what was generated within the mind map. Always choose the key words that are not related to the subject (the further the better as closer to the subject may still has certain relationship with it). The key words are to help generate a new concept and from that concept to new idea.

Thursday, 22 November 2012

Fifth Week Assignment (Assignment 1)


What is Mind Map to me?



Actually this week don't have assignment but I just feel like doing something. This is my own blog anyway, is my freedom, haha!



EXTRA EFFORT!!!!










http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=674&tbm=isch&tbnid=GHz_R5d-7omfzM:&imgrefurl=http://blacksalesjournal.com/2011/04/21/mental-toughness-extra-effort-an-asset-for-the-black-sales-professional/&docid=L0tNLgwen3nwAM&imgurl=http://blacksalesjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/BSJ-Mental-Toughness.jpg&w=426&h=282&ei=v1O3UNeSIcfJrAfzmoGIBg&zoom=1



I did encounter mind mapping back in my primary and secondary study and my teacher did tell us it is a good tool to take note but I did not use it. To me mind mapping waste a lot of time as I need to do it creatively. I went through all the trouble to use different colors and draw interesting pictures. In the end, yes the mind map did look creative with all kind of pictures and colors but it was too much for me. I barely could focus and remember what had written on it. The colors was distracting and what have written were hard to understand. Back then, mind map was an useless tool to me.

But recently, I've found out that mind map does help a lot. It is just my way of mind mapping is wrong. As I've mentioned in my previous blog, the branches should look curve, insist of phrases we should use key words and so on (kindly refer to my previous blog on how to create a mind map). Maybe not most of the time I will use this method but definitely for generating new idea. 

Fifth Day Of Creative Studies



Just to make up for last week (I know most of you would not enjoy that much, I mean the history blog.) So I'll share you something interesting and fun, mind mapping it is. "Haha" isn't it bring back the childhood memory? The time where we were requested to create one probably in kindergarten and primary school, but this is university standard! (I'll be showing the correct way to do a mind map.)


But first why should we do mind mapping?

Mind mapping is a tool or technique to capture, structure also to form new ideas. The truth is our brain does not work in linearity but in op-sequence. For example, we think of a ruler, we will not think of a ruler which is made in China, in what year, by what factory and so on. We often see things in single particular form. Thus, the tradition information listing is not a good way to do note as it opposed the way our brain works. 

Take a look at our brain.



Creativity involved not just our left brain, creativity has logic, reason , rhythm, color, imagination and so on. In other words, creativity is working with both sides of the brain and mind map is the key to achieve that. Mind mapping maximized the use of brain as we are dealing with both logic and image (both sides of brain) and by doing so we will create interest to individual and viewers.


Type of mind map.

There are two types which are logical mind map and associated mind map. I'll talk about the logical mind map as the latter would be lectured soon by Mr. Radzi Bedu. Just a fast explanation. According to Mr. Mustafa logical mind map is directly connected to stereotypes (fixed idea about something). Something which is normal and general that all the inputs (pictures and words) are related to the center subject.


After learning the usage of mind map, so how to create one?


To make you clear kindly check out these link.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRFn1U3jvCw
by Tracy Gardner




  












by Tony Buzan



Allow me to summarize what was spoken. To create a mind map we should dominance the center subject then draw in landscape for maximum space. Make it interesting with different colors and suitable pictures as picture is worth thousand words. Link it with single key word and curve lines to make your map non-rigid and interesting. Remember curves help to form association, and with association you have connection and you will have memory and finally thinking. Last, finish it with clouds to differentiate each categories.


Your mind map should look like this.




Mind map is a tool, and the process should start with research on the subject, then create a mind map and finally re-structure all the information gathered in essay form or report.

Friday, 16 November 2012

Fourth Week Assignment (Assignment 1)

Look At People And Times To Learn What Traits, What Environment Condition Existed And What Is The Process That Make Them Creative.



1. The Mesopotamia

The Mesopotamia was the earliest civilization on earth.  As their life were depended on the agriculture, tools were created from stone based on needs until they've found the use of  metal. Since then, more and more inventions were found. With metal, they've created technologies such as wheels, water storage and flood control system, but all of these have the same purpose of making agriculture better. As they've lived in a big city, language began to develop. The idea of communication began to form. Cuneiform script was invented were they wrote on a piece of stone or clay leading them into creativity in literacy. With communication and technologies skills they've embedded into science and astronomy field which lead them to create the calender. Lastly as most of the civilization, they've slowly formed social status and knowledge in medical not mention that their religion also triggered them in creative sculpturing.


Agriculture Tools

Scuptures

Cuneiform Script



Pictures' link.

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=674&tbm=isch&tbnid=yPvR2XRIwR-tdM:&imgrefurl=http://pfctyranny.com/category/monotheism/&docid=6_NBlevKmK_YAM&imgurl=http://jeremylent.files.wordpress.com/2010/02/writing-tablet-from-uruk-mesopotamia-c-3000-bce.png&w=388&h=302&ei=udu5UPDzCMXnrAfLpoGADw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=692&sig=114313043885465058336&page=2&tbnh=142&tbnw=203&start=27&ndsp=30&ved=1t:429,r:47,s:0,i:228&tx=124&ty=117

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=674&tbm=isch&tbnid=3g4EQ86xVx5C4M:&imgrefurl=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/images/I028/10289158.aspx&docid=C_ZEO8FkvDkzkM&imgurl=http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/images/object_images/535x535/10289158.jpg&w=535&h=341&ei=udu5UPDzCMXnrAfLpoGADw&zoom=1

http://edu.glogster.com/media/4/24/74/40/24744094.jpg

Reference

http://www.guardian.co.uk/culture/2010/nov/10/ancient-world-mesopotamia

http://www.huntfor.com/arthistory/ancient/mesopotamia.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Mesopotamia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia

http://socsci.gulfcoast.edu/rbaldwin/mesopotamia.htm

http://www.citiesforpeople.net/cities-of-iraq-uruk-ur-and-eridu


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2. The Ancient Egypt

The religion of the ancient Egypt is what has triggered most of their creativity. As they believed the Farrow (the king of ancient Egypt) is the son of the god, the clothing and belonging of the king were specially made to symbolize his status. Golden wearing or face of god could be seen commonly in the king's dressing. The idea of immortality after death has also created the idea of mummifying death bodies which then developed into the medical field as they've learnt to bandage wounds with herbs. Many sculptures and artifacts were created for certain ritual usage. As the ancient Egyptian's resources were strictly limited, they relied on trading such as trading with the foreign neighbors. This allowed them to communicate with other and apply their creativity into own use. One of the example is the Pyramid which was originated from the Mesopotamian's Ziggurats. As they also deal with agriculture problems such as flood, science, mathematics and astronomy knowledge were used to overcome their problems. They've created water system and also calender to encounter the flood. The idea of recording agriculture activities, such as payment and tax has also put their writing (Hieroglyphic) into great use, of course which also lead to the development in literacy. As Hieroglyphic was originated from sound, symbols and animal (figures) there is strong sense of creative art in it.

Pyramid

Illustration of activities recording

Hieroglyphic

Artifact 
     





Pictures' link.

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=631&tbm=isch&tbnid=5Jd57kowwoAUyM:&imgrefurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/&docid=Iz51yGi6ML0P8M&imgurl=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/images/index_egyptians_large3.jpg&w=300&h=193&ei=T_a5UJvkNIHtrQfz9YCwDw&zoom=1

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=631&tbm=isch&tbnid=jRbp66GOawmveM:&imgrefurl=http://www.fantasticegypt.com/ancientegypt.htm&docid=NPgIp1wDtaTU-M&imgurl=http://www.fantasticegypt.com/images/ancinet001.jpg&w=890&h=704&ei=T_a5UJvkNIHtrQfz9YCwDw&zoom=1

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=631&tbm=isch&tbnid=eW5WNEieV_0xOM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt&docid=g4KLf611DCKoqM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Egypt.Giza.Sphinx.01.jpg/280px-Egypt.Giza.Sphinx.01.jpg&w=280&h=210&ei=T_a5UJvkNIHtrQfz9YCwDw&zoom=1

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=631&tbm=isch&tbnid=O4Kt8a9GTOJ01M:&imgrefurl=http://www.crystalinks.com/egypt.html&docid=ZFEDSuxZj2EFIM&imgurl=http://www.crystalinks.com/EgyptEducation.jpg&w=430&h=283&ei=T_a5UJvkNIHtrQfz9YCwDw&zoom=1

Reference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_creation_myths

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mummy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharaoh


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3. The Ancient India

The ancient India civilization need to be tracked back to the Indus Valley civilization. It was the most well-organized civilization. Buildings were built in blocks by stones and bricks arranged in sequence for easy management. Because of the well-organized structure their creativity in water systems were sophisticating back in the ancient world. Water run-ways or storage systems were created widely to supply water. Trading activities and their ability to accept other knowledge have turned them into a civilization that far more advanced than the other. Many artifacts were found with drawing of human figure sitting in lotus posture or animals that related to their religious (Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism). As they worked in the agriculture, they also believed in the Mother Goddess which symbolized fertility. By collecting knowledge as much as possible, they've created great accuracy in measurement ( mass, length and time) also introduced the number system (zero), place value system and decimal system which then lead to the world first university in Takshila. Sadly their art in writing is unrecognizable as their civilization was wide out suddenly leaving no references. 

Building in blogs

Well-organized City




Pictures' link.

http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=674&tbm=isch&tbnid=7s2LSdOittAB9M:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilization&docid=pfQs8T1CEDqlfM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Mohenjodaro_Sindh.jpeg/310px-Mohenjodaro_Sindh.jpeg&w=310&h=197&ei=xB27UJL_Fsn9rAe-9YD4BA&zoom=1

http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=674&tbm=isch&tbnid=LrKJwFKYHEDoqM:&imgrefurl=http://www.pbs.org/thestoryofindia/gallery/photos/3.html&docid=FFAQImvQ_tmQeM&imgurl=http://www.pbs.org/thestoryofindia/swf/sind-101-climate_change-stack.jpg&w=512&h=288&ei=xB27UJL_Fsn9rAe-9YD4BA&zoom=1


Reference









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4. The Chinese

The creativity of the Chinese civilization is hard to be categorized as their creativity touched very wide field. Just like the other civilization, they've introduced agriculture tools made from metals and water systems. As for the transportation (original to carry agriculture products), they've created carriage installed with wheels and the skill of tying it on the horses' neck. This transportation was widely used in daily life as well as in war. The Chinese highly believed in harmony with surrounding, also the idea of equality (Yin and Yang). These lead to the development in studying plants and herbs which then brought into the medical field (Chinese medicine using herbs) and the study of FengShui. Their fortune telling by burning Oracle Bones was also amazing as it was the origin of the Chinese writing characters. Knowledge was highly appreciated in this civilization as they believed only knowledge would secure their country's development. Government examinations were held several times each of the years and the scholars would be given the opportunity to serve their country. A lot of philosophy and literacy materials were created, such as the philosophy of Confucious and Art of War by Sun Tzu. Military defenses is also the trigger of creativity in this civilization. The Great Wall of China was built to inform invasion, gun powder was created for greater damage and great tactics in war were used to trick the enemies.


Horse Carriage 


Oracle Bone


Sun Tzu Art of War


Yin Yang







Pictures' link.



http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=631&tbm=isch&tbnid=FKIas-tj2i4-XM:&imgrefurl=http://www2.hawaii.edu/~kjolly/151/04shangorac.htm&docid=gjhVa9JPvYG5nM&imgurl=http://www2.hawaii.edu/~kjolly/151/images/Shng-ora.jpg&w=607&h=373&ei=yWfAUMvTH8HYrQfu8IHQAw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=4&sig=114313043885465058336&page=1&tbnh=127&tbnw=205&start=0&ndsp=26&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:97&tx=85&ty=101

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=631&tbm=isch&tbnid=qXIUcIvsGdYuOM:&imgrefurl=http://english.eastday.com/e/zx/userobject1ai4045856.html&docid=Q_aNd6Pl2Aa0YM&imgurl=http://english.eastday.com/e/zx/images/01461420.jpg&w=350&h=413&ei=aMnCUKXjK478rAf6t4HQCA&zoom=1

http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=631&tbm=isch&tbnid=2sEcDtt_i-SXVM:&imgrefurl=http://abcradiology.blogspot.com/2011/11/ancient-chinese-yin-yang-symbol.html&docid=-Ye1syXJKc1BMM&imgurl=https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi13NHrgZ2J_xNONcfYyqlaWjjzIVCzXAc2wp0TtNG3_v60xp81QXs_OrSS0rb7zXqW8fkrfNvwZOqygRKNWAZVpNxUygRAD5uSOyFCwC3Jw4VEVzASMyrVmxcAij6I3NqE67SHZs9TWCAQ/s1600/YY.jpg&w=1152&h=864&ei=ecnCUIzzM4ePrgfRtgE&zoom=1

Reference








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5. Greek And Hellenistic

The Hellenistic period by Alexander the Great which carries the idea to spread the Greek culture has triggered the creativity. Due to the succession of conquering most of the Europe and Asia area (such as Assyria, Egypt, Mesopotamia, Persia and Pakistan), cross crossing of culture, idea and creation can be seen in this civilization. In religion, the worship of Greek god has been continued but with slide of change by introducing new religion from other countries, such as the Egyptian's god, Serapis. In art, the original concept of Greek was still applied but transformed into new features. The idea of Naturalism originated from logic thinking created human figures sculptors with more realistic expression. While they've shown great interest in heroic themes, dramatic postures and settings were applied in the art. Eroticism was also popular in this civilization as many nude sculptors were created. In philosophy, thinkers from different countries contributed in this era. For example, in Neoplatonism they've included thinkers from Egypt and Syrian. Due to science was highly supported by the royal patrons, they've turned Egypt into the central of science for learning and built libraries and museums as a support. The principles from the early Greek was used in scientific investigation or application of mathematics. Geometric knowledge by Archimedes became textbook in mathematics and the creation of Antikythera (tool to calculate astronomical) mechanism has shined the astronomy field. 



Realistic Sculpture

Eroticism Sculpture


Dramatic Posture Sculpture

            
Antikythera mechanism







Pictures' link.

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=674&tbm=isch&tbnid=iRH_c2We8TbjyM:&imgrefurl=http://classicartreplicas.com/greek_wrestler_statue.html&docid=pbOokTe9YcNaXM&imgurl=http://classicartreplicas.com/wrestlers.gif&w=515&h=500&ei=7cTBUMPLH8rIrQeavYHgAw&zoom=1

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&sa=X&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=674&tbm=isch&tbnid=H_yYsLmDi5q0VM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikythera_mechanism&docid=b6C9AdyWRDJLBM&itg=1&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b8/Computer_graphic_for_front_of_Antikythera_mechanism.jpg/220px-Computer_graphic_for_front_of_Antikythera_mechanism.jpg&w=220&h=222&ei=MMXBUMH6G4iNrgfK0YDIBw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=3&sig=114313043885465058336&page=1&tbnh=143&tbnw=150&start=0&ndsp=23&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:100&tx=73&ty=122

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=674&tbm=isch&tbnid=2bGTzXx7MtQF0M:&imgrefurl=http://veronica2305.tripod.com/Hellenistic%2520Age.htm&docid=MlTb-dnywL_x4M&imgurl=http://veronica2305.tripod.com/images/MCj03536080000%255B1%255D.gif&w=252&h=364&ei=7cTBUMPLH8rIrQeavYHgAw&zoom=1

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=674&tbm=isch&tbnid=grouEJdzMS4L9M:&imgrefurl=http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/westciv/hellenisticsculpture.html&docid=OwLrlFjD9Fx9CM&imgurl=http://www.thenagain.info/webchron/Mediterranean/Hellenistic.jpg&w=221&h=360&ei=OsfBUNjMC87KrAeOh4BI&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=4&sig=114313043885465058336&page=1&tbnh=130&tbnw=80&start=0&ndsp=29&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:132&tx=17&ty=98

Reference

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/haht/hd_haht.htm

http://members.optusnet.com.au/charles57/Creative/Brain/greek.htm

http://www.greeklandscapes.com/greece/athens_museum_hellenistic.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_philosophy

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Greece

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic_period


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6. The Roman

The idea of balance has always been applied in this civilization. In politic, they've introduced the idea of republic which divided the government in the hand of two consuls who act to check and balanced the power. Pillars can be seen in the architectures for the purpose of balancing and supporting. The Roman's architectures are strong (even last until now) due to the knowledge to make good cements and  concrete. Arc and dome are their architectures characteristic. To improve in the field of military, trade and communication they've created the most advance road system which last until the 19 century. The Roman bridges were also been built for the same purposes. The Roman was concerned of the water supply and thus they've built aqueduct to supply water for public bath, toilets and so on. Personal training was concerned by the Roman either to prepare for military purpose or to train horsemanship. The Campus Martius was one of the well known center as a exercise field. Games were created to be played by the youngsters, such as board games which popular among citizens of all age. In art, they were more to decoration purpose. Mosaic decoration is among the most sophistication art in this civilization but sometimes sculptures or portraiture of generals may adopt from the Greek's idea of heroic nudity.        


Arch and Dome





Aqueduct





Campus Martius






Pictures' link.

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=631&tbm=isch&tbnid=4NWVEFQ7uByY4M:&imgrefurl=http://www.chart.ac.uk/chart1999/papers/noframes/sharpe-pickering.html&docid=p8TA92IYO2Q_TM&imgurl=http://www.chart.ac.uk/chart1999/papers/pics/sharpe2.jpg&w=519&h=356&ei=K8fCUKnGOpHRrQe434HwBw&zoom=1

http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=631&tbm=isch&tbnid=3Vi-EU6MFuY6IM:&imgrefurl=http://www.atpm.com/12.12/europe/Roman%2520Aqueduct,%2520Segovia,%2520Spain.shtml&docid=BrCwqoN68o7G7M&imgurl=http://www.atpm.com/12.12/europe/images/Roman%252520Aqueduct,%252520Segovia,%252520Spain.jpg&w=1920&h=1440&ei=-MbCUNPdIMrHrQe58YHIDg&zoom=1

http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=631&tbm=isch&tbnid=PI7c4YoLVwY8YM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Campus_Martius_-_Odeum_of_Domitian.jpg&docid=FzwweZHu8VRG_M&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5b/Campus_Martius_-_Odeum_of_Domitian.jpg&w=721&h=435&ei=5sbCUIqwMcnMrQeesIDQBg&zoom=1

Reference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Rome

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campus_Martius

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_aqueduct

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic


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7. Byzantine

Located between the center of western Europe and Asia with great number of citizens provided the stabilization of nation in the middle ages. The strategic location indeed provided them strong economy foundation as trading could be done easily. Just like trading usually does, their cultures were spread to other nations as well as the others into the Byzantine. Being a rich civilization, they aware of invasion and thus they've improved in architectures and military technology, such as Greek fire. Their knowledge were mostly adopted from the ancient knowledge or they preserved the knowledge. Ancient Greek mathematics was put into practice allowing them to create the Hagia Sophia. As a leading center of science, the Byzantine provided the Islamic the Ancient Greek knowledge on mathematics, philosophy and astronomy to be translated into Arab and from Arab back to Medieval Greek when Islamic became the center of leading science. This provided the civilization with great knowledge to be learnt and used in daily life. During the Renaissance, ports such as Venice was important to connect artists around the world. Creativity was high in this period as artists did not only embedded in art but also architectures, science and medical. Artist like Leonardo da Vinci who involved in wide field provided the world with great knowledge and some was applied in the modern world, such as the idea of helicopter and tank.

Greek fire

Leonardo da Vinvi

Hagia Sophia


Venice




Pictures' link.

http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=674&tbm=isch&tbnid=DxA1ym1XkvLEfM:&imgrefurl=http://www.leonardo.net/main.html&docid=lXkBU_AbTI8pvM&imgurl=http://www.leonardo.net/p17.jpg&w=256&h=387&ei=od7CUMynCs2mrAeGhICICA&zoom=1

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=674&tbm=isch&tbnid=MJFwOZyyGsbH3M:&imgrefurl=http://www.greece.org/romiosini/greek_fire.html&docid=op374wNekbrKmM&imgurl=http://www.greece.org/romiosini/gr_fire.gif&w=637&h=344&ei=Md7CUI7VOo_krAfBgoHQCw&zoom=1

http://www.tumblr.com/tagged/hagia-sophia

http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=674&tbm=isch&tbnid=LHEyhgdO0drJYM:&imgrefurl=http://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g187870-Venice_Veneto-Vacations.html&docid=OxSTNbNT9t_srM&imgurl=http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/01/14/fa/4b/venice.jpg&w=550&h=366&ei=Yt7CUNvTIcTlrAf-mYCIAg&zoom=1

 Reference

http://historymedren.about.com/cs/byzantinestudies/a/forgotten.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagia_Sophia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_fire

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci

http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/cultures/europe/byzantine_empire.aspx

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_science


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8. Islamic

The Islamic religion has greatly affected its development. The idea of humanity or moral has been widely spread through religion to ensure good attitude of citizens. This lead to development of moral literature and creation of bible (Al-quran). As the Islamic was originated from the Arab, Arabic script was the art form of this civilization. The script has then created art in calligraphy which been widely used in manuscript and decoration of architectures. This was also due to Islamic religion which does not allow painting in human figure. Knowledge was highly appreciated in this period. They've collected, stored and translated books, texts or any philosophy around the world allowing them to gain wolrd wide knowledge. In medical field, the Islamic obtained ancient knowledge from Persia, Rome and Greece and even written encyclopedias for greater understanding. Their ability to recreate new knowledge has greatly benefit the other nations as later many Europe civilization applied the knowledge.

Arabic Calligraphy

Islamic Architecture

Al-quran





 Pictures' link.

http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=674&tbm=isch&tbnid=1M5cWU_bnVFbHM:&imgrefurl=http://fidayanehussaini.com/content.php%3Fid%3D27&docid=DZ-wR6oWzbTbeM&imgurl=http://fidayanehussaini.com/userfiles/image/al%252520quran.jpg&w=1024&h=712&ei=uPfCUOf_KIn_rAfHxoHQDA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=30&sig=107672751815343283239&page=1&tbnh=142&tbnw=193&start=0&ndsp=19&ved=1t:429,r:12,s:0,i:162&tx=149&ty=84

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=674&tbm=isch&tbnid=brZIULYXALuRSM:&imgrefurl=http://www.facebook.com/Arabic.calligraphy&docid=6jt_DJfFY0dgtM&imgurl=http://sphotos-a.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ash3/r270/c0.0.403.403/p403x403/148748_10151558175169676_316999222_n.jpg&w=403&h=403&ei=xvfCUILwIsnHrQfP4IGYBQ&zoom=1

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=674&tbm=isch&tbnid=lgSptdTyvoFUwM:&imgrefurl=http://www.flickriver.com/photos/72213316%40N00/tags/architecture/&docid=mY0v4nv_tOJ4cM&imgurl=http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3501/3282252740_c09a3c0e36.jpg&w=500&h=403&ei=7ffCUOvKLo_prQfklYG4Aw&zoom=1

 Reference

http://www.mei.edu/content/islamic-civilization

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age


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9. Medieval European

The medieval also known as Middle Ages is said as the beginning of Early Modern period. During the high middle ages churches and monasteries were widely built which introduced the Romanesque art. It was a stone architecture using Roman brick and stones as their materials and with the knowledge big castles were able to be built. When it came to the 12 century, French architecture introduced Gothic style, building with lighter wall and big windows. Due to economic growth, they produce a lot of innovation products such as astrolabe, windmill, lenses and even the well-known printing press. In the warfare, as many wars were happened through out the ages, they've created crossbow which then lead to closed helmet, heavy armor and horse armor and since then, they've begun to use guns and cannons.

Heavy Armor

Castle

Gothic Architecture




 Pictures' link.

http://www.google.com/imgres?num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=631&tbm=isch&tbnid=NtbOXbo7jxjMqM:&imgrefurl=http://www.kidspast.com/world-history/0195-mideval-europe.php&docid=C8CY50pm6TcxdM&imgurl=http://www.kidspast.com/images/medieval-europe.jpg&w=400&h=305&ei=0RDDUMqJGMKOrgfs5YGIBA&zoom=1

http://www.google.com/imgres?start=20&num=10&hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=631&tbm=isch&tbnid=_7gjrNxoLw0ucM:&imgrefurl=http://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photography-medieval-european-knight-near-citadel-image17046392&docid=V0CUAnUmHUCqJM&imgurl=http://www.dreamstime.com/medieval-european-knight-near-citadel-thumb17046392.jpg&w=299&h=450&ei=0hDDULaONorSrQfasYDIAQ&zoom=1

http://www.google.com/imgres?hl=en&tbo=d&biw=1280&bih=631&tbm=isch&tbnid=6B0JV88zHjIxSM:&imgrefurl=http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/g/gothic-architecture/&docid=uUrVsIdY2Foy-M&imgurl=http://media.vam.ac.uk/vamembed/media/versions/uploads/new_images/st-vitus_cathedral_prague_290x290.jpg&w=290&h=290&ei=MxHDUO2EJIWPrgfZ24GQCw&zoom=1

 Reference

http://aromagosa.easycgi.com/christianhumanism/Medieval/Medieval.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages#Architecture_and_art

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manorialism

http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/lecture19b.html